Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O. It is the hydrated form of bismuth(III) nitrate and is used as a reagent in a variety of chemical applications.Physical and chemical properties
- Appearance: A colorless or white, crystalline solid that is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air).
- Molar mass: 485.07 g/mol.
- Melting point: 30°C (decomposes upon melting).
- Density: 2.83–2.90 g/cm³.
- Solubility:
- Soluble in dilute acids (like nitric and acetic acid), acetone, and glycerol.
- Practically insoluble in ethanol and ethyl acetate.
- In pure water, it readily hydrolyzes to form insoluble oxynitrates.
Synthesis
Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate can be prepared by reacting bismuth metal with concentrated nitric acid. The overall reaction involves bismuth being oxidized from a 0 to a +3 oxidation state.
Uses and applications
Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate serves as a mild and inexpensive reagent in organic synthesis, including:
- Oxidation reactions: Selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.
- Nitration: As a nitrating agent for aromatic compounds.
- Catalysis: Acting as a Lewis acid catalyst in various reactions, such as the synthesis of coumarins.
- Preparation of other compounds: It is used as a precursor for making other bismuth compounds, including bismuth oxide (Bi2O3cap B i sub 2) nanoparticles.
- Analytical chemistry: As a component of Dragendorff’s reagent, a common stain used in thin-layer chromatography (TLC).
Safety and handling
As an oxidizer, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate can intensify fires when mixed with combustible materials. Contact with the chemical can cause skin and serious eye irritation. Inhalation of the dust can cause respiratory irritation. Proper precautions for handling oxidizing and moisture-sensitive chemicals should be followed, including the use of personal protective equipment and working in a well-ventilated area.
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