Paraffin oil is a clear, colorless, odorless, and tasteless oil that is a highly refined by-product of petroleum distillation. It has a wide range of uses, from medicinal and cosmetic applications to industrial and agricultural ones. In many regions, the term “paraffin” can also refer to kerosene, a different fuel source, so it is important to clarify the grade and intended use of the oil.
Highly refined, medical-grade liquid paraffin is used as an ingredient in various personal care and medical products.
- Constipation relief: As a stool softener and lubricant, it works by coating the intestine with a water-immiscible film, preventing the stool from drying out and making bowel movements easier.
- Bell’s Liquid Paraffin BP is a liquid laxative for oral use.
- Purge Liquid Paraffin is a pharmaceutical-grade paraffin oil used as a laxative.
- Moisturizer: It is a common ingredient in cosmetic and skincare products, like baby oil, lotions, and ointments, where it creates a protective barrier on the skin to prevent moisture loss.
- Herbology Liquid Paraffin is a mineral oil for skin and hair care.
- White Mineral Oil by Bio Shop™ is a colorless paraffin oil suitable for skin and hair.
- Wax baths: Paraffin wax treatments are used in physical and occupational therapies to apply moist heat to hands and feet, which can help soothe the pain and stiffness associated with arthritis, fibromyalgia, and joint mobility issues.
- Ointment base: It is used as a base for various pharmaceutical and cosmetic ointments and creams.
Food and industrial applications
Food-grade and industrial-grade paraffin oils have a variety of uses in manufacturing and food processing.
- Food-grade coating: It is used as a coating to protect fruits and confectionery from moisture loss and as a lubricant on food-handling equipment.
- Machinery lubricant: Industrial-grade paraffin oil is used as a lubricant for machinery, such as in paper cutting and textile manufacturing.
- Rust prevention: It can be used to prevent oxidation on the surface of polished steel and iron.
- Other applications: It has uses in candle-making, electrical insulation, and as a component in printing inks.
Agricultural uses
In agriculture, paraffin oil functions as an insecticide and acaricide.
- Pest control: It is used to control sucking and chewing insects, such as scale, mites, and thrips, on crops and ornamental plants.
- Mechanism of action: It works by suffocating insect eggs with a thin oil film, preventing them from hatching.
Safety considerations
The safety of paraffin oil depends heavily on its purity and intended use.
- Refined mineral oil vs. unrefined: Highly refined, medical-grade paraffin oil is safe for topical and oral use. However, unrefined or mildly treated mineral oils can contain harmful impurities.
- Aspiration risk: Taking liquid paraffin orally carries a risk of aspiration into the lungs, which can cause severe complications like lipid pneumonia. It should be avoided by people with swallowing difficulties and is not recommended for children under 12 months or bedridden patients.
- Vitamin absorption: Prolonged or excessive oral use of liquid paraffin can interfere with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
